Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a recurring inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually in both eyes, that may damage the surface of the cornea. Because the condition is typically caused by allergies, it tends to recur in the spring and summer. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is most common in children; it usually begins before puberty and resolves before age 20.

Symptoms include intense itching; red, watery eyes; sensitivity to sunlight; and a thick, sticky discharge. In one form of the condition, the conjunctiva under the upper lids is most affected, becoming swollen and pale pink to grayish, while the rest of the conjunctiva becomes milky white. In another form, the conjunctiva covering the eyeball is thick and grayish. Sometimes a small area of the cornea is damaged, causing pain and extreme sensitivity to light. All symptoms usually disappear in cold weather and become milder over the years.

Antiallergy eyedrops such as cromolyn, lodoxamide, ketorolac, and levocabastine are the safest treatments. Oral antihistamines may also help. Steroids may be given by a doctor and are more potent so must be used under close supervision of the hospital to avoid increased pressure in the eyes, cataracts, and opportunistic infections which may result from their use.